WHAT IS FORMALDEHYDE?

Formaldehyde is a colorless, flammable, strong-smelling chemical that is used in building materials and to produce many household products. It is used in pressed-wood products, such as particleboard, plywood and fibreboard; glues and adhesives; permanent-press fabrics; paper product coatings and certain insulation materials. In addition, formaldehyde is commonly used as an industrial fungicide, germicide, and disinfectant, and as a preservative in mortuaries and medical laboratories.Formaldehyde also occurs naturally in the environment. It is produced in small amounts by most living organisms as part of normal metabolic processes.

HOW IS THE GENERAL POPULATION EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE?

According to a 1997 report by U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, formaldehyde is normally present in both indoor and outdoor air at low levels, usually less than  0.03 of formaldehyde per million parts of air (ppm). Materials containing formaldehyde can release formaldehyde gas or vapour into the air. One source of formaldehyde expose in the air is automobile tailpipe emissions.


During the 1970s, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) was used in many homes. However, few homes are now insulated with UFFI. Homes in which UFFI was installed many years ago are not likely to have high formaldehyde levels now. Pressed-wood products containing formaldehyde resign are often a significant source of formaldehyde in homes. Other potential indoor sources of formaldehyde include cigarette smoke and the use of unvented fuel-burning appliances, such as gas stoves, wood-burning stoves and kerosene heaters.

WHAT ARE THE SHORT-TERM HEALTH EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE?

When formaldehyde is present in the air at level exceeding 0.1 ppm, some individuals may experience adverse effects such as watery eyes; burning sensation in the eyes, nose, and throat; coughing; wheezing; nausea; and skill irritation. some people are very sensitive to formaldehyde, whereas others have no reaction to the same level of exposure.


CAN FORMALDEHYDE CAUSE CANCER?

Although the short-term effects of formaldehyde exposure are well known, less is know about its potential long-term health effects. In 1980, laboratory studies showed that exposure to formaldehyde could cause nasal cancer in rats. This finding raised the question of whether formaldehyde exposure could also cause cancer in humans. In 1987, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen under conditions of usually high or prolonged exposure (1). Since that time, some studies of human have suggested that formaldehyde exposure is associated with certain types of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies formaldehyde as a human carcinogen (2). In 2011, the National Toxicology Program, an interagency program of the Department of Health and Human Services, named formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen in its 12th Report on Carcinogens (3).


Reference : http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/cause-prevention/risk/-substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet

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